>>> logger1 = logging.getLogger( "Imaging.IO" )
>>> logger2 = logging.getLogger( "Imaging" ).getChild( "IO" )
>>> logger1 is logger2
True

import imagingio # imagingioをインポート

def main():
    logger = logging.getLogger( "Imaging" )
    # "Imaging"というロガーの初期設定をここで実施

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

logger = logging.getLogger( "Imaging" ) # このロガーはimaging-main.pyで初期設定したロガーと同一
logger.getChild( "IO" ) # 子ロガーを取得し、another.py独自のログ設定を加えることもできる

>>> logger1.warning("Warning!")
Warning!

logger1 = logging.getLogger("log")
stdouthandler = logging.StreamHandler( stream=sys.stdout ) # ストリームに出力するハンドラStreamHandlerで出力先ストリームは標準出力を指定
logger1.addHandler(stdouthandler) # ハンドラを登録

formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt="{asctime}:{name}:{module}.{funcName}.{lineno}:{message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
stdouthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
# 2023-07-23 02:28:26:log.io.file:WARNING:test3-3 のようなフォーマットになる

stdouthandler.addFilter(lambda x:x.getMessage().startswith("test")) # testで始まるログメッセージのみを記録するフィルタ

>>> logging.warning("Warning!")
WARNING:root:Warning!

import logging
import sys

logger1 = logging.getLogger("log")

logger1.warning("test1-1")

import logging
import sys

logger1 = logging.getLogger("log")
shandler = logging.StreamHandler( stream=sys.stdout )
logger1.addHandler(shandler)

logger1.warning("test2-1")

import logging
import sys

logger1 = logging.getLogger("log")
shandler = logging.StreamHandler( stream=sys.stdout )
formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt="{asctime}:Handler1:{message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
shandler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger1.addHandler(shandler)

logger1.warning("test3-1")

import logging
import sys

logger1 = logging.getLogger("log")
shandler = logging.StreamHandler( stream=sys.stdout )
formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt="{asctime}:Handler1:{message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
shandler.setFormatter(formatter)
shandler.addFilter(lambda x:x.getMessage().startswith("test")) # testで始まるログだけを記録
logger1.addHandler(shandler)

logger1.warning("test4-1")
logger1.warning("TEST4-2")

import logging
import sys

logger1 = logging.getLogger("log")
shandler = logging.StreamHandler( stream=sys.stdout )
formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt="{asctime}:Handler1:{message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
shandler.setFormatter(formatter)
shandler.addFilter(lambda x:x.getMessage().startswith("test")) 
logger1.addHandler(shandler)

logger1.info("test5-1")

shandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger1.info("test5-2")

logger1.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger1.info("test5-3")

import logging
import sys

# 親ロガー「log」の設定
logger1 = logging.getLogger("log") 
logger1.setLevel(logging.INFO) # ログレベルINFO

# ロガーlogに適用するハンドラの設定
shandler1 = logging.StreamHandler( stream=sys.stdout )
formatter1 = logging.Formatter(fmt="Handler1:{message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
shandler1.setFormatter(formatter1)
shandler1.addFilter(lambda x:x.getMessage().startswith("test")) # フィルタあり
shandler1.setLevel(logging.INFO) # ログレベルINFO
logger1.addHandler(shandler1)

# 子ロガー「log.io」の設定
logger2 = logging.getLogger("log.io") # logging.getLogger("log").getChild("io")でも同じ
logger2.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # ログレベルDEBUG

# ロガーlog.ioに適用するハンドラの設定 １つ目
shandler2 = logging.StreamHandler( stream=sys.stdout )
formatter2 = logging.Formatter(fmt="Handler2:{message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
shandler2.setFormatter(formatter2)
shandler2.setLevel(logging.INFO) # ログレベルINFO
logger2.addHandler(shandler2)

# ロガーlog.ioに適用するハンドラの設定 2つ目
shandler3 = logging.StreamHandler( stream=sys.stdout )
formatter3 = logging.Formatter(fmt="Handler3:{message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
shandler3.setFormatter(formatter3)
shandler3.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # ログレベルDEBUG
logger2.addHandler(shandler3)

print('TEST1-1')
logger1.info("test1 1-info")
print('TEST1-2')
logger2.info("test1 2-info")
print('TEST1-3')
logger2.info("TEST1 3-info")
print('\n')
print('TEST2-1')
logger1.debug("test2 1-debug")
print('TEST2-2')
logger2.debug("test2 2-debug")

>>> logger.addFilter(lambda x: x.getMessage().startswith("!!!!"))
>>> logger.warning("!!!") # 記録されない
>>> logger.warning("!!!!")
!!!!

>>> import logging
>>> 
>>> class StartsWithFilter(logging.Filter): # logging.Filterを継承
...     def __init__(self, keyword):
...         super().__init__()
...         self.keyword = keyword
...     
...     def filter(self, record): # filterメソッドを実装
...         return record.getMessage().startswith(self.keyword)
...
>>> logger = logging.getLogger("TEST")
>>> logger.addFilter(StartsWithFilter("!!"))
>>> logger.warning("!") # 表示されない
>>> logger.warning("!!")
!!
>>> logger.warning("!!!")
!!!
>>>
>>> logger.addFilter(StartsWithFilter("!!!")) # フィルターを追加
>>> logger.warning("!") # 表示されない
>>> logger.warning("!!") # 表示されない
>>> logger.warning("!!!")
!!!

logger.setFormatter( logging.Formatter(fmt="{asctime}:{message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") )

>>> logger.setFormatter( logging.Formatter( fmt=r"{asctime} [{user}] %{message}",style='{') ) # 対応していないuserがフォーマットに含まれている
>>> logger.warning("warn", extra={"user":"Inoue"}) # extraでuser情報を渡す
2023-07-18 02:02:50,763 [Inoue] warn
>>> logger.warning("warn") # user情報を渡さずにログ発行
--- Logging error ---
(省略)
KeyError: 'user'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

ValueError: Formatting field not found in record: 'user'
(省略)

import logging
import logging.handlers
import os

logger = logging.getLogger("log")
handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(filename="logfile.log", maxBytes=1000000, backupCount=3, encoding='utf-8')
handler.setFormatter( logging.Formatter(fmt="{asctime}.{msecs:03.0f} {name}:{levelname} {message}", style='{', datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") )
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger = logger.getChild( os.path.basename(__file__) )

version: 1
formatters:
  normal:
    format: "{asctime}.{msecs:03.0f} {name}:{levelname} {message}"
    style: "{"
    datefmt: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
handlers:
  console:
    class : logging.StreamHandler
    formatter: normal
    level   : INFO
    stream  : ext://sys.stdout
  file:
    class : logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
    formatter: normal
    level: INFO
    filename: logfile.log
    maxBytes: 1024
    backupCount: 3
loggers:
  log:
    handlers: [console, file]
    level: INFO

import logging
import logging.handlers
import logging.config
import yaml

with open('logconfig.yaml') as file:
    config = yaml.safe_load(file.read())

logging.config.dictConfig(config) # 辞書を元にロギングを設定

logger = logging.getLogger("log")
logger.warning("警告")

TYPE: # 設定するものの種類（主にformattersかhandlersかfiltersかloggers）
  NAME1: # 設定するものの名前（変数名と思えば良い）
    key1 : value1 # NAME1の設定1
    key2 : value2 # NAME1の設定2
  NAME2: # 設定するものの名前（変数名と思えば良い）
    key1 : value1 # NAME2の設定1
    key2 : value2 # NAME2の設定2

formatters:
  normal:
    format: "{asctime}.{msecs:03.0f} {name}:{levelname} {message}"
    style: "{"
    datefmt: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"

handlers:
  console:                        # ハンドラ名
    class : logging.StreamHandler # ハンドラのクラス名
    formatter: normal             # ハンドラが使用するフォーマッタ
    level   : INFO                # ハンドラのログレベル
    stream  : ext://sys.stdout    # ハンドラ依存の個別設定は「__init__メソッドのキーワード引数:設定値」の書式で書く

loggers:
  log.io.a:                       # ロガー名( logging.getLogger()で指定する名前 )
    handlers: [console, file]     # ハンドラ名のリスト
    level: INFO                   # ハンドラのログレベル

import ipaddress

ip1 = ipaddress.IPv4Address("192.168.1.1")
print(repr(ip1))

ip2 = ipaddress.ip_address("192.168.2.1")
print(repr(ip2))

ipaddress.IPv4Address("192.168.1.0/24")

# 以下はすべておなじになる
ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.2.0/24")
ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0")
ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.2.0/0.0.0.255")
ipaddress.ip_network(("192.168.2.0", 24))
ipaddress.ip_network(("192.168.2.0", "255.255.255.0"))
ipaddress.ip_network(("192.168.2.0", "0.0.0.255"))

# intでもOK
ipaddress.ip_network((3232236032, 24))

ip1 = ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.2.1/24")

ip1 = ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.2.0/24")

print( list(ip1.subnets()) )
print( list(ip1.subnets(prefixlen_diff=2) ) )
print( list(ip1.subnets(new_prefix=27)) )

ip1 = ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.2.0/24")

print( ip1.supernet() )
print( ip1.supernet(prefixlen_diff=2) )
print( ip1.supernet(new_prefix=21) )

net1 = ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.1.0/24')
net2 = ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/16')

exclude=net2.address_exclude(net1)
print( sorted(list(exclude)) )

# 以下はすべておなじになる
ipaddress.ip_interface("192.168.2.1/24")
ipaddress.ip_interface("192.168.2.1/255.255.255.0")
ipaddress.ip_interface("192.168.2.1/0.0.0.255")
ipaddress.ip_interface(("192.168.2.1", 24))
ipaddress.ip_interface(("192.168.2.1", "255.255.255.0"))
ipaddress.ip_interface(("192.168.2.1", "0.0.0.255"))

# intでもOK
ipaddress.ip_interface((3232236033, 24))

ipi = ipaddress.IPv4Interface('192.168.1.10/24')

print( type(ipi.ip) )
print( type(ipi.network) )

ipa = ipaddress.IPv4Address('192.168.1.10')
net1 = ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.1.0/24')
net2 = ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.2.0/24')

print( f"{ipa in net1=}" )
print( f"{ipa in net2=}" )

ip1, ip2, ip3, ip4  = list(map( ipaddress.IPv4Address, ('192.168.1.1','192.168.2.1','192.168.2.5','192.169.1.0') ))
ni1, ni2, ni3, ni4  = list(map( ipaddress.IPv4Interface, ('192.168.1.1/24','192.168.2.1/24','192.168.2.5/24','192.169.1.0/24') ))
net1,net2,net3,net4 = list(map( ipaddress.IPv4Network, ('192.168.1.0/24', '192.168.2.0/24', '192.168.0.0/16', '192.0.0.0/8') ))

print( f"{ip1 < ip1 = }" )
print( f"{ip1 < ip2 = }" )
print( f"{ip1 < ip3 = }" )
print( f"{ip1 < ip4 = }" )

print( f"{ni1 < ni1 = }" )
print( f"{ni1 < ni2 = }" )
print( f"{ni1 < ni3 = }" )
print( f"{ni1 < ni4 = }" )

print( f"{net1 < net1 = }" )
print( f"{net1 < net2 = }" )
print( f"{net1 < net3 = }" )
print( f"{net1 < net4 = }" )

net1 = ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/24')
net2 = ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.1.0/24')
net3 = ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.4.0/24')
net4 = ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/16')
list1 = [net1,net2]
list2 = [net1,net2,net3]
list3 = [net1,net4]

print( "list( ipaddress.collapse_addresses(list1) )" )
print( "list( ipaddress.collapse_addresses(list2) )" )
print( "list( ipaddress.collapse_addresses(list3) )" )

ipa1 = ipaddress.IPv4Address("192.168.10.0")
ipa2 = ipaddress.IPv4Address("192.168.10.16")
ipa3 = ipaddress.IPv4Address("192.168.10.63")
ipa4 = ipaddress.IPv4Address("192.168.10.64")

print( list( ipaddress.summarize_address_range(ipa1,ipa2) ) )
print( list( ipaddress.summarize_address_range(ipa1,ipa3) ) )
print( list( ipaddress.summarize_address_range(ipa1,ipa4) ) )

import socket

ipaddr = socket.gethostbyname("example.com") 
print( ipaddr )

fqdn = socket.getfqdn("1.1.1.1")
print( fqdn )

import dns.resolver
import dns.rdatatype

myresolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()

answer = myresolver.resolve("example.com.",dns.rdatatype.A)
print(answer.rrset)

dns.resolver.resolve("example.com.",dns.rdatatype.A)

import dns.resolver
import dns.rdatatype

myresolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
myresolver.nameservers = ["8.8.8.8", "1.1.1.1"]

name=dns.name.from_text("www.example.com.")
answer = myresolver.resolve(name, dns.rdatatype.A)

import dns.resolver
import dns.rdatatype
import textwrap

resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
name=dns.name.from_text("example.com.")
answer = resolver.resolve(name, dns.rdatatype.NS)

print("answer.rrset:")
print(textwrap.indent(str(answer.rrset), "  ")) # rrsetを文字列に変換
print(f"answer[0]:\n  {answer[0]}")             # Answerオブジェクトにインデックスでアクセス
print(f"answer.rrset[1]:\n  {answer.rrset[1]}") # RRsetオブジェクトにインデックスでアクセス

import dns.resolver
import dns.nameserver

myresolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()

ns = dns.nameserver.Do53Nameserver(address="1.1.1.1", port=53)
myresolver.nameservers = [ ns ]
answer = myresolver.resolve( "www.example.com.", "A" )

ns = dns.nameserver.DoTNameserver(address="1.1.1.1", port=853)
myresolver.nameservers = [ ns ]
answer = myresolver.resolve( "example.com.", "MX" )

ns = dns.nameserver.DoHNameserver(url="https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query")
myresolver.nameservers = [ ns ]
answer = myresolver.resolve( "example.com.", "SOA" )

import dns.resolver

myresolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()

myresolver.nameservers = [ "1.1.1.1" ]

# サーバごとのポート番号指定。デフォルトで53なのでこの行は実際は不要
myresolver.nameserver_ports["1.1.1.1"] = 53

# Resolverオブジェクトのデフォルトのポート番号指定。デフォルトで53なのでこの行は実際は不要
myresolver.port = 53     
                    
answer = myresolver.resolve( "www.example.com.", "A" )

name = dns.name.from_text("www.example.com.")
resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
resolver.cache = dns.resolver.Cache(cleaning_interval=300)  # 単純なキャッシュの場合
# resolver.cache = dns.resolver.LRUCache(max_size=100)      # LRUキャッシュの場合

answer = resolver.resolve( name, "A" )
print( resolver.cache.get((name,dns.rdatatype.A,dns.rdataclass.IN)).rrset )

time.sleep(3)
answer = resolver.resolve( name, "A" )

print(f"ヒット:{resolver.cache.hits()} ミス：{resolver.cache.misses()}")

import dns.resolver
import dns.name

resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
resolver.search = [ dns.name.from_text("example.com.") ]

name=dns.name.from_text("www", origin=None)
answer = resolver.resolve(name, dns.rdatatype.A, search=True)

# 何も指定しない場合
name1 = dns.name.from_text("www")

# origin=Noneを指定
name2 = dns.name.from_text("www", origin=None)

# relativizeメソッドを使用
base = dns.name.from_text("example.com.")
fqdn = dns.name.from_text("www.example.com.")
name3 = fqdn.relativize(base)

print( f"name1 = {name1!s}" )
print( f"name2 = {name2!s}" )
print( f"name3 = {name3!s}" )

import dns.resolver
import dns.name

resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
resolver.search = [ dns.name.from_text("example.com.") ]
resolver.use_search_by_default = True

name=dns.name.from_text("www", origin=None)
answer = resolver.resolve(name, dns.rdatatype.A)

resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
answer = resolver.resolve_address("1.2.3.4")
print(answer.rrset)

reversename = dns.reversename.from_address("1.2.3.4")    # 4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa.が得られる。
answer = resolver.resolve(reversename,dns.rdatatype.PTR)

try:
    resolver.resolve( "example.com", "A" )
except (dns.resolver.NoAnswer, dns.resolver.NXDOMAIN) as e:
    # 問い合わせに対応するレコードがなかった場合の処理
except (dns.resolver.LifetimeTimeout, dns.resolver.NoNameservers, dns.resolver.YXDOMAIN) as e:
    # 名前解決の実行が正しくできなかった場合の処理

try:
    resolver.resolve("example.com", "A")
except dns.exception.DNSException as e:
    # ここで例外処理

import dns.resolver

resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
answer = resolver.resolve("www.example.com", "MX", raise_on_no_answer=False) # このレコードはAレコードはあるがMXレコードはない
print(answer.rrset) # これはNone

resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
answer = resolver.resolve("example.com")
print(answer.response)

print( dns.rdataclass.RdataClass.IN )
print( dns.rdataclass.RdataClass(255) )
print( dns.rdataclass.IN )

print( dns.rdatatype.RdataType.MX )
print( dns.rdatatype.A )
print( dns.rdatatype.RdataType(28) )

rdatas = [
            dns.rdata.from_text(dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.A,  '192.168.1.15'),
            dns.rdata.from_text(dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.MX, '10 mx.example.com'),
        ]
for rdata in rdatas:
    print(f"{type(rdata)}:{rdata}")

print(rdatas[0].rdclass)
print(rdatas[0].rdtype)
print(rdatas[0].to_text())

import dns.rdata
import dns.rdataset

rdatas = [
    dns.rdata.from_text("IN", "A", "192.0.2.100"),
    dns.rdata.from_text("IN", "A", "192.0.2.101"),
]

# rdataから作成する方法
rdataset1 = dns.rdataset.from_rdata(3600, rdatas[0], rdatas[1])
rdataset2 = dns.rdataset.from_rdata_list(3600,rdatas)  
        
# テキストから作成する方法
rdataset3 =dns.rdataset.from_text("IN","A", 3600, "192.0.2.100", "192.0.2.101")
rdataset4 =dns.rdataset.from_text_list("IN","A", 3600, ["192.0.2.100", "192.0.2.101"])

rdataset = dns.rdataset.from_text("IN","A", 3600, "192.0.2.100", "192.0.2.101")
print( rdataset[1] ) # 192.0.2.101となる

import dns.name

name = dns.name.from_text("www.example.com")
for label in name:
    print(label)

names = [
    dns.name.from_text("www.example.com."), # ルートドメインを明示した文字列
    dns.name.from_text("www.example.com"),  # ルートドメインを省略した文字列
    dns.name.from_text("www.example.com", origin=None),
    dns.name.from_text("www", origin=None),
]
for name in names:
    print(name)
    for label in name:
        print(label)
    print()

names = [
    dns.name.from_text("example.com."),
    dns.name.from_text("www.example.com."),
    dns.name.from_text("example.com", origin=None),
    dns.name.from_text("test", origin=None),
]

rdatas = [
    dns.rdata.from_text("IN", "A", "192.0.2.100"),
    dns.rdata.from_text("IN", "A", "192.0.2.101"),
]

rrset = dns.rrset.from_rdata("www", 3600, *rdatas)
print( rrset.name )    # owner
print( rrset.ttl )     # ttl
print( rrset.rdclass ) # class
print( rrset.rdtype )  # type
print( rrset.items )   # RDATAのCollection（実態はdict）
for rdata in rrset:
    print( rdata )

zone_text = """
example.com.     3600    IN SOA  ns1.example.com. (
                                  postmaster.example.com.
                                  2023080001      ; Serial
                                  3600            ; Refresh 1h
                                  900             ; Retry 15m
                                  604800          ; Expire 1w
                                  3600 )          ; Negative cache TTL 15m
example.com.        3600    IN NS   ns-a.example.com.
                            IN NS   ns-b.example.com.
                    1800    IN MX   10 mx-a.example.com.
                            IN MX   20 mx-b.example.com.

ns-a                3600    IN A    192.0.2.100
ns-b                3600    IN A    192.0.2.101
                            IN A    192.0.2.102
                            IN A    192.0.2.103
                            IN A    192.0.2.104
ns-b                 600    IN TXT  "example text"
mx-a                3600    IN A    192.0.2.110
mx-b                3600    IN A    192.0.2.111
www.example.com.    3600    IN A    198.51.100.30
"""

zone:dns.zone.Zone = dns.zone.from_text(zone_text, "example.com.")
for name in zone:
    print( f"\n######### {name} ##########" )
    node = zone[name]
    for rdatasetno,rdataset in enumerate(node,start=1):
        print(f"{rdatasetno}:{rdataset.rdtype!s}")
        print(rdataset)

print("iterate_rdatas")
for i in zone.iterate_rdatas():
    print(i)

print("\niterate_rdatasets")
for i in zone.iterate_rdatasets():
    print(i)

zone.find_node("www")
zone.find_rdataset("ns-b","A")
zone.find_rrset(dns.name.empty,"NS")